{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "curie-polonium-report-1898",
    "title": "Curie and Curie: radioactive fractionation and the polonium proposal",
    "summary": "Pierre and Marie Curie tracked radioactivity through chemical fractions of pitchblende. An active fraction associated with bismuth led them to propose another element, conditionally named polonium.\n\nA mineral can emit more radiation than its uranium content predicts. Measurements of air conductivity let the authors follow the excess activity through chemical separations. The proposed element remained to be confirmed. This paper provides the experimental clue and inference, independently of their later radium work.",
    "boundary": "The July 1898 report establishes activity enrichment and an element inference. It does not report pure isolation, complete chemical separation or an identified new spectral line.",
    "area": "Radiochemistry",
    "topic": "Radiochemistry",
    "year": 1898,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "curie-polonium-report-1898",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:f32bf4e6212f34d3db645c627f8bbfe17d7f6860b70e03a01156634937456c4c"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Pierre Curie",
      "Marie Curie"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-listed contributors to this scoped work. Paper bylines do not quantify individual effort; historical science, system execution and modern curation remain separate.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [
      "radium-discovery"
    ],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "pc26-curie-polonium",
        "title": "P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)",
        "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "points": "150000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "curie-polonium-report-1898",
      "entry_id": "curie-polonium-report-1898",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:f32bf4e6212f34d3db645c627f8bbfe17d7f6860b70e03a01156634937456c4c"
      },
      "what_changed": "Excess activity is followed through pitchblende fractions to a bismuth-associated concentrate, supporting a conditional inference of another element named polonium.",
      "scope": "Excess activity is followed through pitchblende fractions to a bismuth-associated concentrate, supporting a conditional inference of another element named polonium. The July 1898 report establishes activity enrichment and an element inference. It does not report pure isolation, complete chemical separation or an identified new spectral line.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:f32bf4e6212f34d3db645c627f8bbfe17d7f6860b70e03a01156634937456c4c"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-03T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Pierre Curie",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)",
            "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Marie Curie",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)",
            "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)",
            "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The July 1898 report establishes activity enrichment and an element inference. It does not report pure isolation, complete chemical separation or an identified new spectral line.",
        "domain": "Radiochemistry"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)",
          "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Curie and Curie: radioactive fractionation and the polonium proposal\n\nPierre and Marie Curie tracked radioactivity through chemical fractions of pitchblende. An active fraction associated with bismuth led them to propose another element, conditionally named polonium.\n\nA mineral can emit more radiation than its uranium content predicts. Measurements of air conductivity let the authors follow the excess activity through chemical separations. The proposed element remained to be confirmed. This paper provides the experimental clue and inference, independently of their later radium work.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe July 1898 report establishes activity enrichment and an element inference. It does not report pure isolation, complete chemical separation or an identified new spectral line.\n\n## People and systems\n\nPierre Curie; Marie Curie\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)](https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Pierre and Marie Curie tracked radioactivity through chemical fractions of pitchblende. An active fraction associated with bismuth led them to propose another element, conditionally named polonium.\n\nA mineral can emit more radiation than its uranium content predicts. Measurements of air conductivity let the authors follow the excess activity through chemical separations. The proposed element remained to be confirmed. This paper provides the experimental clue and inference, independently of their later radium work.",
      "title": "Curie and Curie: radioactive fractionation and the polonium proposal"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:f32bf4e6212f34d3db645c627f8bbfe17d7f6860b70e03a01156634937456c4c"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:771299f775feab07caf3d8d7b3249c8aace49e7d3283cbc62af141e4565a687a"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:f32bf4e6212f34d3db645c627f8bbfe17d7f6860b70e03a01156634937456c4c"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "curie-polonium-report-1898",
    "entry_id": "curie-polonium-report-1898",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Curie and Curie: radioactive fractionation and the polonium proposal",
    "context": "Radiochemistry",
    "track": "Radiochemistry",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-03",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-03",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Excess activity is followed through pitchblende fractions to a bismuth-associated concentrate, supporting a conditional inference of another element named polonium.",
    "scope": "Excess activity is followed through pitchblende fractions to a bismuth-associated concentrate, supporting a conditional inference of another element named polonium. The July 1898 report establishes activity enrichment and an element inference. It does not report pure isolation, complete chemical separation or an identified new spectral line.",
    "evidence_summary": "Source-linked, scoped account of the original work. The published scope states the scientific assumptions and remaining verification limits. WRS has not independently certified the full proof, experimental result or system benchmark.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "P. Curie and S. Curie, Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende (1898)",
        "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/dossiers/Curie/Curie_pdf/CR1898_p175_178.pdf",
        "locator": "Original linked work. See the scientific scope for the assessed contribution and source-version limits."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Pierre Curie",
        "did": "Original source-listed scientific author of this scoped work; byline does not determine effort fractions.",
        "credit": "SCIENCE"
      },
      {
        "who": "Marie Curie",
        "did": "Original source-listed scientific author of this scoped work; byline does not determine effort fractions.",
        "credit": "SCIENCE"
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:22c1113f-6c78-4ade-a1d7-7aa5207142ce",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:f32bf4e6212f34d3db645c627f8bbfe17d7f6860b70e03a01156634937456c4c"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "150000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}