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detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Wilson Hsieh", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Sebastian Kanthak", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Eugene Kogan", "note": "Archive attribution; 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detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Michal Szymaniak", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Christopher Taylor", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Ruth Wang", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Dale Woodford", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "formulator" ], "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } } ], "evidence": [ { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-0", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" } }, { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-1", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "USENIX full text of Spanner paper", "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi12/osdi12-final-16.pdf" } } ], "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY", "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1", "record_type": "research_note", "rrp_version": "0.1", "scope": { "description": "The record is the exact twenty-six-author OSDI 2012 paper. It documents the system and measurements reported there; it does not absorb Paxos, Bigtable, later Spanner revisions, all Google operational contributions or generic distributed-SQL guarantees.", "domain": "Databases and information retrieval" }, "sources": [ { "citation": "Google Research page for Spanner", "url": "https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/" }, { "citation": "USENIX full text of Spanner paper", "url": "https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi12/osdi12-final-16.pdf" } ], "statement": "# Corbett and colleagues: Spanner\n\nDescribed a globally distributed, synchronously replicated database using TrueTime clock-uncertainty bounds to support externally consistent transactions and timestamped reads under its deployment assumptions.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe record is the exact twenty-six-author OSDI 2012 paper. It documents the system and measurements reported there; it does not absorb Paxos, Bigtable, later Spanner revisions, all Google operational contributions or generic distributed-SQL guarantees.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nJames C. Corbett; Jeffrey Dean; Michael Epstein; Andrew Fikes; Christopher Frost; JJ Furman; Sanjay Ghemawat; Andrey Gubarev; Christopher Heiser; Peter Hochschild; Wilson Hsieh; Sebastian Kanthak; Eugene Kogan; Hongyi Li; Alexander Lloyd; Sergey Melnik; David Mwaura; David Nagle; Sean Quinlan; Rajesh Rao; Lindsay Rolig; Yasushi Saito; Michal Szymaniak; Christopher Taylor; Ruth Wang; Dale Woodford\n\nThe named authors contributed to this scoped work; individual effort shares and later applications are not assigned by the byline.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Google Research page for Spanner](https://research.google/pubs/spanner-googles-globally-distributed-database-2/)\n- [USENIX full text of Spanner paper](https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/osdi12/osdi12-final-16.pdf)\n", "summary": "Described a globally distributed, synchronously replicated database using TrueTime clock-uncertainty bounds to support externally consistent transactions and timestamped reads under its deployment assumptions.", "title": "Corbett and colleagues: Spanner" }, "record_id": "urn:uuid:1d8542bb-9524-4f95-a564-76cfcd79ffe4", "version": 1, "source_ref": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:1d8542bb-9524-4f95-a564-76cfcd79ffe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:e4c89a4e3831ead53c620cb4507dd193008334319d61dd25a9bb80ff84fc9b63" }, "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1", "public_view_hash": "sha256:c51d3d600066dba61a0f57b53cfa38b295d4576cc30fb1fb74a733401d563ffa" }, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:1d8542bb-9524-4f95-a564-76cfcd79ffe4", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:e4c89a4e3831ead53c620cb4507dd193008334319d61dd25a9bb80ff84fc9b63" }, "published_grade": { "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1", "edition": "2026-10-28.1", "id": "corbett-et-al-spanner-2012", "entry_id": "corbett-et-al-spanner-2012", "revision": 1, "title": "Corbett and colleagues: Spanner", "context": "Databases and information retrieval", "track": "METHOD", "band": "A", "modifier": "+", "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL", "assessed_on": "2026-09-25", "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-25", "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT", "what_changed": "Documented a global replicated database whose TrueTime uncertainty bounds support externally consistent transactions and timestamped reads.", "scope": "The record is the exact twenty-six-author OSDI 2012 paper. It documents the system and measurements reported there; it does not absorb Paxos, Bigtable, later Spanner revisions, all Google operational contributions or generic distributed-SQL guarantees.", "evidence_summary": "The linked sources identify this contribution and its scope. WRS has not independently reconstructed the scientific claims. The record is the exact twenty-six-author OSDI 2012 paper. 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