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    "title": "Clarke: a graphical calculator for long transmission lines",
    "summary": "Clarke's charts and movable arms support graphical evaluation of inherited distributed-parameter transmission-line equations, yielding voltage/current ratios and phase relations.\n\nEngineers could set line and load characteristics on a physical diagram rather than repeat the whole calculation by hand. The patent describes approximations for its chosen line model; a constructed instrument's performance is a separate evidentiary question.",
    "boundary": "The target is the apparatus described in selected passages of US 1552113, filed 1921/published 1925. Heaviside's equations are inherited. Neglected leakance, near-constant LC and other stated approximations limit the chart model. Patent accuracy statements and later tenfold-speed claims are not independently replayed. The Clarke transform, every power-grid advance and all calculator history are separate.",
    "area": "Electrical power-system calculation",
    "topic": "Energy & engineering",
    "year": 1925,
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    "result": "ALGORITHM",
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        "id": "wrs24-clarke-calculator-us1552113",
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            "citation": "Edith Clarke, Calculator, US1552113, filed8 June1921, published1 September1925",
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        "description": "The target is the apparatus described in selected passages of US 1552113, filed 1921/published 1925. Heaviside's equations are inherited. Neglected leakance, near-constant LC and other stated approximations limit the chart model. Patent accuracy statements and later tenfold-speed claims are not independently replayed. The Clarke transform, every power-grid advance and all calculator history are separate.",
        "domain": "Electrical power-system calculation"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Edith Clarke, Calculator, US1552113, filed8 June1921, published1 September1925",
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        {
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      "statement": "# Clarke: a graphical calculator for long transmission lines\n\nClarke's charts and movable arms support graphical evaluation of inherited distributed-parameter transmission-line equations, yielding voltage/current ratios and phase relations.\n\nEngineers could set line and load characteristics on a physical diagram rather than repeat the whole calculation by hand. The patent describes approximations for its chosen line model; a constructed instrument's performance is a separate evidentiary question.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe target is the apparatus described in selected passages of US 1552113, filed 1921/published 1925. Heaviside's equations are inherited. Neglected leakance, near-constant LC and other stated approximations limit the chart model. Patent accuracy statements and later tenfold-speed claims are not independently replayed. The Clarke transform, every power-grid advance and all calculator history are separate.\n\n## People and systems\n\nEdith Clarke\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Edith Clarke, Calculator, US1552113, filed8 June1921, published1 September1925](https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ad/d9/9b/8f8a776516f5af/US1552113.pdf)\n- [National Inventors Hall of Fame, Edith Clarke: Graphical Calculator, US1552113](https://www.invent.org/inductees/edith-clarke)\n",
      "summary": "Clarke's charts and movable arms support graphical evaluation of inherited distributed-parameter transmission-line equations, yielding voltage/current ratios and phase relations.\n\nEngineers could set line and load characteristics on a physical diagram rather than repeat the whole calculation by hand. The patent describes approximations for its chosen line model; a constructed instrument's performance is a separate evidentiary question.",
      "title": "Clarke: a graphical calculator for long transmission lines"
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    "id": "clarke-transmission-line-graphical-calculator-1925",
    "entry_id": "clarke-transmission-line-graphical-calculator-1925",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Clarke: a graphical calculator for long transmission lines",
    "context": "Electrical power-system calculation",
    "track": "Electrical power-system calculation",
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    "what_changed": "A practical graphical procedure integrates selected line/load variables and vector terms into an apparatus for voltage/current ratios and phase relations.",
    "scope": "A practical graphical procedure integrates selected line/load variables and vector terms into an apparatus for voltage/current ratios and phase relations. The target is the apparatus described in selected passages of US 1552113, filed 1921/published 1925. Heaviside's equations are inherited. Neglected leakance, near-constant LC and other stated approximations limit the chart model. Patent accuracy statements and later tenfold-speed claims are not independently replayed. The Clarke transform, every power-grid advance and all calculator history are separate.",
    "evidence_summary": "Source-linked, scoped account of the original work. The published scope states the scientific assumptions and remaining verification limits. WRS has not independently certified the full proof, experimental result or system benchmark.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Edith Clarke, Calculator, US 1552113, filed 8 June 1921, published 1 September 1925",
        "url": "https://patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/ad/d9/9b/8f8a776516f5af/US1552113.pdf",
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