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    "title": "Lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces",
    "summary": "Chen and colleagues used a modified atomic-force microscope to measure an oscillating lateral force between aligned, corrugated gold-coated surfaces. Its phase dependence followed the corrugation period, and the authors compared its magnitude and distance dependence with a finite-conductivity Casimir calculation for their sphere–plate geometry. Their later detailed account reports the calibration, additional electrostatic-force data and a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis.",
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      "scope": {
        "description": "The measurement is a small lateral deflection in a particular corrugated sphere–plate setup, with electrostatic compensation and calibration; it is not a general measurement of all geometries or a working vacuum-powered machine. The absolute closest Casimir separation is inferred from the same force theory used for comparison, followed by calibrated 12 nm increments. A separate lateral-electrostatic measurement constrains contact separation but was made hours later and also uses a force model; it does not make the absolute force-law test fully independent. The initial letter quotes about 15% relative uncertainty at 95% confidence; the detailed account reports about 24% after fuller error analysis. The surface alignment and roughness assumptions apply to this setup. Earlier theory of lateral forces and prior normal Casimir measurements retain credit.",
        "domain": "Quantum Physics"
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      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Demonstration of the Lateral Casimir Force",
          "url": "https://web.mit.edu/kardar/Desktop/kardar/www/research/seminars/Casimir/PRL-ChenMohideen02.pdf"
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          "citation": "Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Lateral Casimir Force Between Corrugated Surfaces",
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      "statement": "# Lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces\n\nChen and colleagues used a modified atomic-force microscope to measure an oscillating lateral force between aligned, corrugated gold-coated surfaces. Its phase dependence followed the corrugation period, and the authors compared its magnitude and distance dependence with a finite-conductivity Casimir calculation for their sphere–plate geometry. Their later detailed account reports the calibration, additional electrostatic-force data and a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe measurement is a small lateral deflection in a particular corrugated sphere–plate setup, with electrostatic compensation and calibration; it is not a general measurement of all geometries or a working vacuum-powered machine. The absolute closest Casimir separation is inferred from the same force theory used for comparison, followed by calibrated 12 nm increments. A separate lateral-electrostatic measurement constrains contact separation but was made hours later and also uses a force model; it does not make the absolute force-law test fully independent. The initial letter quotes about 15% relative uncertainty at 95% confidence; the detailed account reports about 24% after fuller error analysis. The surface alignment and roughness assumptions apply to this setup. Earlier theory of lateral forces and prior normal Casimir measurements retain credit.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nF. Chen; U. Mohideen; G. L. Klimchitskaya; V. M. Mostepanenko\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Demonstration of the Lateral Casimir Force](https://web.mit.edu/kardar/Desktop/kardar/www/research/seminars/Casimir/PRL-ChenMohideen02.pdf)\n- [Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Lateral Casimir Force Between Corrugated Surfaces](https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0209167v1)\n",
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      "title": "Lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces"
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    "title": "Lateral Casimir force between corrugated surfaces",
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    "what_changed": "Chen and colleagues used a modified atomic-force microscope to measure an oscillating lateral force between aligned, corrugated gold-coated surfaces. Its phase dependence followed the corrugation period, and the authors compared its magnitude and distance dependence with a finite-conductivity Casimir calculation for their sphere–plate geometry. Their later detailed account reports the calibration, additional electrostatic-force data and a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis.",
    "scope": "Chen and colleagues used a modified atomic-force microscope to measure an oscillating lateral force between aligned, corrugated gold-coated surfaces. Its phase dependence followed the corrugation period, and the authors compared its magnitude and distance dependence with a finite-conductivity Casimir calculation for their sphere–plate geometry. Their later detailed account reports the calibration, additional electrostatic-force data and a more comprehensive uncertainty analysis. The measurement is a small lateral deflection in a particular corrugated sphere–plate setup, with electrostatic compensation and calibration; it is not a general measurement of all geometries or a working vacuum-powered machine. The absolute closest Casimir separation is inferred from the same force theory used for comparison, followed by calibrated 12 nm increments. A separate lateral-electrostatic measurement constrains contact separation but was made hours later and also uses a force model; it does not make the absolute force-law test fully independent. The initial letter quotes about 15% relative uncertainty at 95% confidence; the detailed account reports about 24% after fuller error analysis. The surface alignment and roughness assumptions apply to this setup. Earlier theory of lateral forces and prior normal Casimir measurements retain credit.",
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