{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "brown-sandholm-libratus-2017",
    "title": "Libratus: blueprint strategy, nested subgames and self-improvement",
    "summary": "Integrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em.",
    "boundary": "Competition and online Science publication occurred2017; print issue2018 is recorded separately. Blueprint abstraction, approximate opponent values and finite solving accuracy constrain guarantees; a120000hand match is not proof of an exact full-game equilibrium. Self-improvement patches the system's own weaknesses, not simply fitting an opponent-exploitation model. DeepStack concurrent related work is credited without assigning exclusive priority.",
    "area": "Imperfect-information game reasoning",
    "topic": "Artificial intelligence",
    "year": 2017,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "ALGORITHM",
    "package_id": "brown-sandholm-libratus-2017",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:764ce60119e77b77c8d65fb3c27f01704dda4b7b6be82dbc69892387b9e79d7b"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Noam Brown",
      "Tuomas Sandholm"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Source-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "cur20261015-libratus-science-author2017",
        "title": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
        "url": "https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "points": "200000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "brown-sandholm-libratus-2017",
      "entry_id": "brown-sandholm-libratus-2017",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:764ce60119e77b77c8d65fb3c27f01704dda4b7b6be82dbc69892387b9e79d7b"
      },
      "what_changed": "Integrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em.",
      "scope": "Integrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em. Competition and online Science publication occurred2017; print issue2018 is recorded separately. Blueprint abstraction, approximate opponent values and finite solving accuracy constrain guarantees; a120000hand match is not proof of an exact full-game equilibrium. Self-improvement patches the system's own weaknesses, not simply fitting an opponent-exploitation model. DeepStack concurrent related work is credited without assigning exclusive priority.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:764ce60119e77b77c8d65fb3c27f01704dda4b7b6be82dbc69892387b9e79d7b"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-16T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Noam Brown",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
            "url": "https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Tuomas Sandholm",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "formulator"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
            "url": "https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
            "url": "https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "Competition and online Science publication occurred2017; print issue2018 is recorded separately. Blueprint abstraction, approximate opponent values and finite solving accuracy constrain guarantees; a120000hand match is not proof of an exact full-game equilibrium. Self-improvement patches the system's own weaknesses, not simply fitting an opponent-exploitation model. DeepStack concurrent related work is credited without assigning exclusive priority.",
        "domain": "Imperfect-information game reasoning"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
          "url": "https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Libratus: blueprint strategy, nested subgames and self-improvement\n\nIntegrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nCompetition and online Science publication occurred2017; print issue2018 is recorded separately. Blueprint abstraction, approximate opponent values and finite solving accuracy constrain guarantees; a120000hand match is not proof of an exact full-game equilibrium. Self-improvement patches the system's own weaknesses, not simply fitting an opponent-exploitation model. DeepStack concurrent related work is credited without assigning exclusive priority.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nNoam Brown; Tuomas Sandholm\n\nSource-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals](https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Integrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em.",
      "title": "Libratus: blueprint strategy, nested subgames and self-improvement"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:764ce60119e77b77c8d65fb3c27f01704dda4b7b6be82dbc69892387b9e79d7b"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:18613053abd1c5e33a7cf546bf7faa54a9dafe6a71da55d884a5c1c16950f8cb"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:764ce60119e77b77c8d65fb3c27f01704dda4b7b6be82dbc69892387b9e79d7b"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "brown-sandholm-libratus-2017",
    "entry_id": "brown-sandholm-libratus-2017",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Libratus: blueprint strategy, nested subgames and self-improvement",
    "context": "Imperfect-information game reasoning",
    "track": "Human-designed research method or resource",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-16",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-16",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Integrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em.",
    "scope": "Integrated an abstracted blueprint strategy, real-time nested safe subgame solving and targeted blueprint repair to defeat specialist professionals in heads-up no-limit Texas hold'em. Competition and online Science publication occurred2017; print issue2018 is recorded separately. Blueprint abstraction, approximate opponent values and finite solving accuracy constrain guarantees; a120000hand match is not proof of an exact full-game equilibrium. Self-improvement patches the system's own weaknesses, not simply fitting an opponent-exploitation model. DeepStack concurrent related work is credited without assigning exclusive priority.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original sources describe the stated contribution and its evidence limits. WRS has not independently rerun the experiments or certified a proof. Competition and online Science publication occurred2017; print issue2018 is recorded separately. Blueprint abstraction, approximate opponent values and finite solving accuracy constrain guarantees; a120000hand match is not proof of an exact full-game equilibrium. Self-improvement patches the system's own weaknesses, not simply fitting an opponent-exploitation model. DeepStack concurrent related work is credited without assigning exclusive priority.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Superhuman AI for heads-up no-limit poker: Libratus beats top professionals",
        "url": "https://noambrown.com/papers/17-Science-Superhuman.pdf",
        "locator": "Original contribution and stated assumptions, evaluation scope and limitations; source-linked assessment, not independent execution or proof certification."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Source-listed authors and technical contributors",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Source-listed authors or explicitly credited technical contributors for the cited versions. Family entries retain source-specific attribution; a combined list is not one original-paper byline or equal individual work. Names alone do not establish resolved identities."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:a4e1c900-6fff-4f08-a5e2-2f101d50842c",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:764ce60119e77b77c8d65fb3c27f01704dda4b7b6be82dbc69892387b9e79d7b"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "200000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}