{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gravity-gradiometer-2014",
    "title": "A horizontal atom gradiometer tests gravity while suppressing beam-steering noise",
    "summary": "Biedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement.",
    "boundary": "The reported proof of concept characterizes signal precision; the paper does not supply a calibrated numerical value of G. Its source-mass data use a 2.6-day series, detrending and removal of noisy periods; short-term noise is subject to the stated outlier treatment. The paper models a possible inverse-square-law test rather than presenting a completed independent fifth-force exclusion experiment: the abstract refers to a 10 cm scale, whereas its discussion and figure describe a predicted constraint near 20 cm. Improved 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ levels require future apparatus changes and are forecasts. Prior 2001 vertical gradiometry and 2007/2014 G measurements remain separately credited. Raw data, simulations and final publication have not been independently reviewed.",
    "area": "Atomic interferometry and gravitation",
    "topic": "Physics",
    "year": 2014,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gravity-gradiometer-2014",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:9eab5696497a36ce4fb4172ca3f83a5ce1fef7f325d9066a8cc3052a065002e0"
    },
    "humans": [
      "G. W. Biedermann",
      "X. Wu",
      "L. Deslauriers",
      "S. Roy",
      "C. Mahadeswaraswamy",
      "M. A. Kasevich"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gradiometer-2014-v1",
        "title": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1",
        "date": "2014-12-10"
      }
    ],
    "points": "50000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gravity-gradiometer-2014",
      "entry_id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gravity-gradiometer-2014",
      "band": "B",
      "modifier": "+",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:9eab5696497a36ce4fb4172ca3f83a5ce1fef7f325d9066a8cc3052a065002e0"
      },
      "what_changed": "Biedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement.",
      "scope": "Biedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement. The reported proof of concept characterizes signal precision; the paper does not supply a calibrated numerical value of G. Its source-mass data use a 2.6-day series, detrending and removal of noisy periods; short-term noise is subject to the stated outlier treatment. The paper models a possible inverse-square-law test rather than presenting a completed independent fifth-force exclusion experiment: the abstract refers to a 10 cm scale, whereas its discussion and figure describe a predicted constraint near 20 cm. Improved 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ levels require future apparatus changes and are forecasts. Prior 2001 vertical gradiometry and 2007/2014 G measurements remain separately credited. Raw data, simulations and final publication have not been independently reviewed.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:9eab5696497a36ce4fb4172ca3f83a5ce1fef7f325d9066a8cc3052a065002e0"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-28T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "G. W. Biedermann",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "X. Wu",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "L. Deslauriers",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "S. Roy",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "C. Mahadeswaraswamy",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "M. A. Kasevich",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
            "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The reported proof of concept characterizes signal precision; the paper does not supply a calibrated numerical value of G. Its source-mass data use a 2.6-day series, detrending and removal of noisy periods; short-term noise is subject to the stated outlier treatment. The paper models a possible inverse-square-law test rather than presenting a completed independent fifth-force exclusion experiment: the abstract refers to a 10 cm scale, whereas its discussion and figure describe a predicted constraint near 20 cm. Improved 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ levels require future apparatus changes and are forecasts. Prior 2001 vertical gradiometry and 2007/2014 G measurements remain separately credited. Raw data, simulations and final publication have not been independently reviewed.",
        "domain": "Atomic interferometry and gravitation"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# A horizontal atom gradiometer tests gravity while suppressing beam-steering noise\n\nBiedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe reported proof of concept characterizes signal precision; the paper does not supply a calibrated numerical value of G. Its source-mass data use a 2.6-day series, detrending and removal of noisy periods; short-term noise is subject to the stated outlier treatment. The paper models a possible inverse-square-law test rather than presenting a completed independent fifth-force exclusion experiment: the abstract refers to a 10 cm scale, whereas its discussion and figure describe a predicted constraint near 20 cm. Improved 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ levels require future apparatus changes and are forecasts. Prior 2001 vertical gradiometry and 2007/2014 G measurements remain separately credited. Raw data, simulations and final publication have not been independently reviewed.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nG. W. Biedermann; X. Wu; L. Deslauriers; S. Roy; C. Mahadeswaraswamy; M. A. Kasevich\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1)\n",
      "summary": "Biedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement.",
      "title": "A horizontal atom gradiometer tests gravity while suppressing beam-steering noise"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:9eab5696497a36ce4fb4172ca3f83a5ce1fef7f325d9066a8cc3052a065002e0"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:a95d4b0c5511e5afb8948e7e69c64728ba89e5eed0130d7c158f81198dfdce21"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:9eab5696497a36ce4fb4172ca3f83a5ce1fef7f325d9066a8cc3052a065002e0"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gravity-gradiometer-2014",
    "entry_id": "biedermann-team-horizontal-atom-gravity-gradiometer-2014",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "A horizontal atom gradiometer tests gravity while suppressing beam-steering noise",
    "context": "Atomic interferometry and gravitation",
    "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method",
    "band": "B",
    "modifier": "+",
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-28",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-28",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Biedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement.",
    "scope": "Biedermann and colleagues built a horizontal, dual-cesium-atom interferometer and reduced differential noise caused by beam steering through air by enclosing the optical path at low pressure. Moving nearby source masses modulated the measured gravity signal; the authors reported a proof-of-concept sensitivity corresponding to a relative statistical precision of 3 × 10⁻⁴ for a gravitational-constant measurement. The reported proof of concept characterizes signal precision; the paper does not supply a calibrated numerical value of G. Its source-mass data use a 2.6-day series, detrending and removal of noisy periods; short-term noise is subject to the stated outlier treatment. The paper models a possible inverse-square-law test rather than presenting a completed independent fifth-force exclusion experiment: the abstract refers to a 10 cm scale, whereas its discussion and figure describe a predicted constraint near 20 cm. Improved 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ levels require future apparatus changes and are forecasts. Prior 2001 vertical gradiometry and 2007/2014 G measurements remain separately credited. Raw data, simulations and final publication have not been independently reviewed.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The reported proof of concept characterizes signal precision; the paper does not supply a calibrated numerical value of G. Its source-mass data use a 2.6-day series, detrending and removal of noisy periods; short-term noise is subject to the stated outlier treatment. The paper models a possible inverse-square-law test rather than presenting a completed independent fifth-force exclusion experiment: the abstract refers to a 10 cm scale, whereas its discussion and figure describe a predicted constraint near 20 cm. Improved 10⁻⁵ and 10⁻⁶ levels require future apparatus changes and are forecasts. Prior 2001 vertical gradiometry and 2007/2014 G measurements remain separately credited. Raw data, simulations and final publication have not been independently reviewed.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Testing Gravity with Cold-Atom Interferometers",
        "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1412.3210v1",
        "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "The named authors in the research record",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:5c875a3f-97bd-4a0a-a395-acc1ae7e973d",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:9eab5696497a36ce4fb4172ca3f83a5ce1fef7f325d9066a8cc3052a065002e0"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "50000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}