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    "title": "BICEP/Keck and Planck foreground analysis and primordial B-mode constraints",
    "summary": "A 2015 joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck and Planck polarization maps found substantial Galactic dust contribution to the observed B-mode power and set a model-dependent limit r at pivot 0.05 per Mpc below 0.12 at 95% confidence. A later BICEP/Keck analysis adding 2016–2018 data and using WMAP and Planck maps reported r below 0.036 at 95% under its stated foreground and cosmological model.",
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    "area": "Cosmology",
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    "year": 2015,
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      "scope": {
        "description": "Both limits depend on foreground and cosmological assumptions. The 2021 baseline removes the earlier external dust spectral-index prior but retains a parametric foreground model, assumptions about lensing and synchrotron, and systematic uncertainties; its data overlap earlier analyses. The 2015 approximately seven-sigma lensing B-mode detection is not a primordial gravitational-wave detection. Neither upper limit establishes primordial tensor modes.",
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          "citation": "A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.00612v1"
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          "citation": "BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season",
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      "statement": "# BICEP/Keck and Planck foreground analysis and primordial B-mode constraints\n\nA 2015 joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck and Planck polarization maps found substantial Galactic dust contribution to the observed B-mode power and set a model-dependent limit r at pivot 0.05 per Mpc below 0.12 at 95% confidence. A later BICEP/Keck analysis adding 2016–2018 data and using WMAP and Planck maps reported r below 0.036 at 95% under its stated foreground and cosmological model.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nBoth limits depend on foreground and cosmological assumptions. The 2021 baseline removes the earlier external dust spectral-index prior but retains a parametric foreground model, assumptions about lensing and synchrotron, and systematic uncertainties; its data overlap earlier analyses. The 2015 approximately seven-sigma lensing B-mode detection is not a primordial gravitational-wave detection. Neither upper limit establishes primordial tensor modes.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nP. A. R. Ade; N. Aghanim; Z. Ahmed; M. Amiri\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [A Joint Analysis of BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck Data](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1502.00612v1)\n- [BICEP / Keck XIII: Improved Constraints on Primordial Gravitational Waves using Planck, WMAP, and BICEP/Keck Observations through the 2018 Observing Season](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.00483v1)\n",
      "summary": "A 2015 joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck and Planck polarization maps found substantial Galactic dust contribution to the observed B-mode power and set a model-dependent limit r at pivot 0.05 per Mpc below 0.12 at 95% confidence. A later BICEP/Keck analysis adding 2016–2018 data and using WMAP and Planck maps reported r below 0.036 at 95% under its stated foreground and cosmological model.",
      "title": "BICEP/Keck and Planck foreground analysis and primordial B-mode constraints"
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    "title": "BICEP/Keck and Planck foreground analysis and primordial B-mode constraints",
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    "what_changed": "A 2015 joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck and Planck polarization maps found substantial Galactic dust contribution to the observed B-mode power and set a model-dependent limit r at pivot 0.05 per Mpc below 0.12 at 95% confidence. A later BICEP/Keck analysis adding 2016–2018 data and using WMAP and Planck maps reported r below 0.036 at 95% under its stated foreground and cosmological model.",
    "scope": "A 2015 joint analysis of BICEP2/Keck and Planck polarization maps found substantial Galactic dust contribution to the observed B-mode power and set a model-dependent limit r at pivot 0.05 per Mpc below 0.12 at 95% confidence. A later BICEP/Keck analysis adding 2016–2018 data and using WMAP and Planck maps reported r below 0.036 at 95% under its stated foreground and cosmological model. Both limits depend on foreground and cosmological assumptions. The 2021 baseline removes the earlier external dust spectral-index prior but retains a parametric foreground model, assumptions about lensing and synchrotron, and systematic uncertainties; its data overlap earlier analyses. The 2015 approximately seven-sigma lensing B-mode detection is not a primordial gravitational-wave detection. Neither upper limit establishes primordial tensor modes.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. Both limits depend on foreground and cosmological assumptions. The 2021 baseline removes the earlier external dust spectral-index prior but retains a parametric foreground model, assumptions about lensing and synchrotron, and systematic uncertainties; its data overlap earlier analyses. The 2015 approximately seven-sigma lensing B-mode detection is not a primordial gravitational-wave detection. Neither upper limit establishes primordial tensor modes.",
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