{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "ben-dahan-cold-atom-bloch-oscillations-1996",
    "title": "Bloch oscillations and effective masses of cold atoms in an optical lattice",
    "summary": "Ben Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta.",
    "boundary": "This experiment observes an ensemble of atoms in an engineered optical lattice, not individual electron trajectories or a new Bloch theory. A sufficiently weak acceleration and adiabatic loading limit transfers to higher bands; the observed momentum distributions and effective masses depend on the experimental preparation, force, readout and band model. The inferred position amplitude is not a direct position measurement. The experiment is distinct from the earlier semiconductor optical-signal measurements and from later atomic-recoil fine-structure determinations.",
    "area": "Atomic physics",
    "topic": "Physics",
    "year": 1996,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "ben-dahan-cold-atom-bloch-oscillations-1996",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:745a85b1f6a915a010770fe12e6fd2f590e4bb75ac68bd1fdb818c536d83526d"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Maxime Ben Dahan",
      "Ekkehard Peik",
      "Jakob Reichel",
      "Yvan Castin",
      "Christophe Salomon"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "ben-dahan-atomic-bloch-oscillations-1996-published",
        "title": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
        "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf",
        "date": "1996-06-10"
      }
    ],
    "points": "110000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "ben-dahan-cold-atom-bloch-oscillations-1996",
      "entry_id": "ben-dahan-cold-atom-bloch-oscillations-1996",
      "band": "A",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:745a85b1f6a915a010770fe12e6fd2f590e4bb75ac68bd1fdb818c536d83526d"
      },
      "what_changed": "Ben Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta.",
      "scope": "Ben Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta. This experiment observes an ensemble of atoms in an engineered optical lattice, not individual electron trajectories or a new Bloch theory. A sufficiently weak acceleration and adiabatic loading limit transfers to higher bands; the observed momentum distributions and effective masses depend on the experimental preparation, force, readout and band model. The inferred position amplitude is not a direct position measurement. The experiment is distinct from the earlier semiconductor optical-signal measurements and from later atomic-recoil fine-structure determinations.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:745a85b1f6a915a010770fe12e6fd2f590e4bb75ac68bd1fdb818c536d83526d"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-10-28T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Maxime Ben Dahan",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
            "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Ekkehard Peik",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
            "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Jakob Reichel",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
            "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Yvan Castin",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
            "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
          }
        },
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Christophe Salomon",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
            "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
            "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "This experiment observes an ensemble of atoms in an engineered optical lattice, not individual electron trajectories or a new Bloch theory. A sufficiently weak acceleration and adiabatic loading limit transfers to higher bands; the observed momentum distributions and effective masses depend on the experimental preparation, force, readout and band model. The inferred position amplitude is not a direct position measurement. The experiment is distinct from the earlier semiconductor optical-signal measurements and from later atomic-recoil fine-structure determinations.",
        "domain": "Atomic physics"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
          "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Bloch oscillations and effective masses of cold atoms in an optical lattice\n\nBen Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThis experiment observes an ensemble of atoms in an engineered optical lattice, not individual electron trajectories or a new Bloch theory. A sufficiently weak acceleration and adiabatic loading limit transfers to higher bands; the observed momentum distributions and effective masses depend on the experimental preparation, force, readout and band model. The inferred position amplitude is not a direct position measurement. The experiment is distinct from the earlier semiconductor optical-signal measurements and from later atomic-recoil fine-structure determinations.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nMaxime Ben Dahan; Ekkehard Peik; Jakob Reichel; Yvan Castin; Christophe Salomon\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential](https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Ben Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta.",
      "title": "Bloch oscillations and effective masses of cold atoms in an optical lattice"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:745a85b1f6a915a010770fe12e6fd2f590e4bb75ac68bd1fdb818c536d83526d"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:c6ff13b99baa0905b2fb36d9310f7d250ceb59d27d3b5019f97c2da67de1a219"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:745a85b1f6a915a010770fe12e6fd2f590e4bb75ac68bd1fdb818c536d83526d"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "ben-dahan-cold-atom-bloch-oscillations-1996",
    "entry_id": "ben-dahan-cold-atom-bloch-oscillations-1996",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Bloch oscillations and effective masses of cold atoms in an optical lattice",
    "context": "Atomic physics",
    "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method",
    "band": "A",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-10-28",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-28",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Ben Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta.",
    "scope": "Ben Dahan and colleagues prepared ultracold cesium atoms in the lowest band of a standing-wave optical potential and applied an inertial force by accelerating the lattice. After different evolution times they switched off the potential and measured atomic momentum distributions. The distributions recurred with the predicted Bloch period, while their inferred mean velocities yielded positive and negative band effective masses at different quasimomenta. This experiment observes an ensemble of atoms in an engineered optical lattice, not individual electron trajectories or a new Bloch theory. A sufficiently weak acceleration and adiabatic loading limit transfers to higher bands; the observed momentum distributions and effective masses depend on the experimental preparation, force, readout and band model. The inferred position amplitude is not a direct position measurement. The experiment is distinct from the earlier semiconductor optical-signal measurements and from later atomic-recoil fine-structure determinations.",
    "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. This experiment observes an ensemble of atoms in an engineered optical lattice, not individual electron trajectories or a new Bloch theory. A sufficiently weak acceleration and adiabatic loading limit transfers to higher bands; the observed momentum distributions and effective masses depend on the experimental preparation, force, readout and band model. The inferred position amplitude is not a direct position measurement. The experiment is distinct from the earlier semiconductor optical-signal measurements and from later atomic-recoil fine-structure determinations.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential",
        "url": "https://sites.science.oregonstate.edu/~tatej/COURSES/ph575/lib/exe/fetch.php?media=bloch_oscillations_atoms_in_optical_potential.pdf",
        "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "The named authors in the research record",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:f916945d-64dd-4814-a5d9-60ce279c00d3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:745a85b1f6a915a010770fe12e6fd2f590e4bb75ac68bd1fdb818c536d83526d"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "110000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}