{
  "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1",
  "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177",
  "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS",
  "entry": {
    "id": "beijerinck-azotobacter",
    "title": "Beijerinck: a free-living aerobic nitrogen fixer",
    "summary": "Isolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis.",
    "boundary": "The scope is Azotobacter isolation, not the first discovery of every form of biological nitrogen fixation. Earlier symbiotic and anaerobic work remains distinct. Institutional historical evidence supports this entry; this record does not include a direct check of the 1901 original article or later pure-culture measurements.",
    "area": "Soil microbiology",
    "topic": "Food & agriculture",
    "year": 1901,
    "lane": "HUMAN",
    "result": "EMPIRICAL",
    "package_id": "beijerinck-azotobacter",
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
    },
    "humans": [
      "Martinus Willem Beijerinck"
    ],
    "authors_complete": true,
    "human_role_note": "Attribution names the scoped source contributors, not their whole careers or all later applications.",
    "agents": [],
    "related": [
      "winogradsky-nitrification",
      "ammonia-industrial-synthesis"
    ],
    "subresults": [],
    "scientific_assessment": {
      "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED",
      "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS",
      "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN",
      "provider_attestation": "NONE"
    },
    "sources": [
      {
        "id": "coverage14-beijerinck-azotobacter-0",
        "title": "French Academy of Sciences: historical notice distinguishing anaerobic fixation and Beijerinck's 1901 Azotobacter isolation",
        "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/eloges/winogradsky_notice.pdf"
      }
    ],
    "geography": {
      "country_codes": [
        "NL"
      ],
      "location_basis": "Documented research locations or paper affiliations for this contribution. Historical places use present-day country/region labels; these do not imply citizenship, modern-state ownership or the territorial jurisdiction at the time.",
      "source_url": "https://delftschoolmicrobiology.weblog.tudelft.nl/the-delft-school-of-microbiology/",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
      },
      "basis": "RESEARCH_LOCATION_OR_PAPER_AFFILIATION",
      "reviewed_on": "2026-09-26",
      "nationality_inferred": false,
      "sources": [
        {
          "title": "Attribution source",
          "url": "https://delftschoolmicrobiology.weblog.tudelft.nl/the-delft-school-of-microbiology/"
        }
      ],
      "coverage_status": "COMPLETE",
      "country_labels": {
        "NL": "Netherlands"
      }
    },
    "points": "45000",
    "published_grade": {
      "id": "beijerinck-azotobacter",
      "entry_id": "beijerinck-azotobacter",
      "band": "B",
      "modifier": null,
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
      },
      "what_changed": "Isolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis.",
      "scope": "Isolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis. Scope limitation: The scope is Azotobacter isolation, not the first discovery of every form of biological nitrogen fixation. Earlier symbiotic and anaerobic work remains distinct. Institutional historical evidence supports this entry; this record does not include a direct check of the 1901 original article or later pure-culture measurements.",
      "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
      "scientific_correctness_certified": false
    },
    "assessment_disposition": {
      "status": "ASSESSED",
      "label": "Provisionally assessed",
      "reason": "A current grade and separate reference score identify this exact contribution.",
      "target": {
        "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
        "version": 1,
        "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
      },
      "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177"
    }
  },
  "version": {
    "kind": "PUBLIC_RECORD_VIEW",
    "previous": null,
    "published_at": "2026-09-14T00:00:00Z",
    "publisher": {
      "principal_id": "urn:uuid:80116931-785b-40a2-a24b-9d59db0c7e33",
      "role": "WRS_EDITORIAL_PUBLICATION"
    },
    "record": {
      "contributors": [
        {
          "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED",
          "credit": "historical_scientific",
          "entity_kind": "historical_person",
          "name": "Martinus Willem Beijerinck",
          "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound",
          "roles": [
            "discoverer"
          ],
          "source": {
            "citation": "French Academy of Sciences: historical notice distinguishing anaerobic fixation and Beijerinck's 1901 Azotobacter isolation",
            "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/eloges/winogradsky_notice.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "evidence": [
        {
          "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification",
          "id": "source-0",
          "kind": "source_reference",
          "source": {
            "citation": "French Academy of Sciences: historical notice distinguishing anaerobic fixation and Beijerinck's 1901 Azotobacter isolation",
            "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/eloges/winogradsky_notice.pdf"
          }
        }
      ],
      "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY",
      "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1",
      "record_type": "research_note",
      "rrp_version": "0.1",
      "scope": {
        "description": "The scope is Azotobacter isolation, not the first discovery of every form of biological nitrogen fixation. Earlier symbiotic and anaerobic work remains distinct. Institutional historical evidence supports this entry; this record does not include a direct check of the 1901 original article or later pure-culture measurements.",
        "domain": "Soil microbiology"
      },
      "sources": [
        {
          "citation": "French Academy of Sciences: historical notice distinguishing anaerobic fixation and Beijerinck's 1901 Azotobacter isolation",
          "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/eloges/winogradsky_notice.pdf"
        }
      ],
      "statement": "# Beijerinck: a free-living aerobic nitrogen fixer\n\nIsolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe scope is Azotobacter isolation, not the first discovery of every form of biological nitrogen fixation. Earlier symbiotic and anaerobic work remains distinct. Institutional historical evidence supports this entry; this record does not include a direct check of the 1901 original article or later pure-culture measurements.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nMartinus Willem Beijerinck\n\nAttribution names the scoped source contributors, not their whole careers or all later applications.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [French Academy of Sciences: historical notice distinguishing anaerobic fixation and Beijerinck's 1901 Azotobacter isolation](https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/eloges/winogradsky_notice.pdf)\n",
      "summary": "Isolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis.",
      "title": "Beijerinck: a free-living aerobic nitrogen fixer"
    },
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
    "version": 1,
    "source_ref": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
    },
    "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1",
    "public_view_hash": "sha256:642eae0d904237b179401d1db5243ab3d0d91182e215fab9b984673b369df10e"
  },
  "target": {
    "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
    "version": 1,
    "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
  },
  "published_grade": {
    "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1",
    "edition": "2026-10-28.1",
    "id": "beijerinck-azotobacter",
    "entry_id": "beijerinck-azotobacter",
    "revision": 1,
    "title": "Beijerinck: a free-living aerobic nitrogen fixer",
    "context": "Soil microbiology",
    "track": "Scoped scientific or research-capability contribution",
    "band": "B",
    "modifier": null,
    "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL",
    "assessed_on": "2026-09-14",
    "evidence_cutoff": "2026-09-14",
    "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT",
    "what_changed": "Isolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis.",
    "scope": "Isolated the aerobic nitrogen-fixing microorganism named Azotobacter, adding a distinct route for investigating biological nitrogen acquisition outside a plant-root symbiosis. Scope limitation: The scope is Azotobacter isolation, not the first discovery of every form of biological nitrogen fixation. Earlier symbiotic and anaerobic work remains distinct. Institutional historical evidence supports this entry; this record does not include a direct check of the 1901 original article or later pure-culture measurements.",
    "evidence_summary": "Assessment uses the catalogue-linked source evidence for the stated contribution. The scope is Azotobacter isolation, not the first discovery of every form of biological nitrogen fixation. Earlier symbiotic and anaerobic work remains distinct. Institutional historical evidence supports this entry; this record does not include a direct check of the 1901 original article or later pure-culture measurements.",
    "references": [
      {
        "title": "French Academy of Sciences: historical notice distinguishing anaerobic fixation and Beijerinck's 1901 Azotobacter isolation",
        "url": "https://www.academie-sciences.fr/pdf/eloges/winogradsky_notice.pdf",
        "locator": "Retained catalogue source evidence; Printed pp.695–696 read: earlier Clostridium work distinguished from the 1901 aerobic Azotobacter isolation; not the original 1901 paper."
      }
    ],
    "roles": [
      {
        "who": "Martinus Willem Beijerinck",
        "credit": "SCIENCE",
        "did": "Named source contributor; exact labor shares are not measured."
      }
    ],
    "target": {
      "record_id": "urn:uuid:2e4b049e-d30c-4079-ab83-bd951bc422d3",
      "version": 1,
      "content_hash": "sha256:0763e430984f16295b70695b069966c477bbe606d8a9b0903e8e6321e7fffa2b"
    },
    "scientific_correctness_certified": false,
    "independent_expert_calibration": false,
    "method": "PROPRIETARY",
    "points": "45000"
  },
  "canonical_agent_submission": false,
  "scientific_verification_awarded": false,
  "reader_guide": null,
  "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE"
}