{ "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1", "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177", "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS", "entry": { "id": "albers-herbst-team-rubidium-potassium-free-fall-interferometry-2020", "title": "Simultaneous rubidium and potassium atom-interferometer test of free fall", "summary": "Albers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty.", "boundary": "The experiment tests the particular atomic species and apparatus at the stated sensitivity; it does not prove the full equivalence principle or quantum gravity. The authors estimate a Zeeman correction of −1.3 × 10⁻⁶ and a dominant 3 × 10⁻⁷ wavefront-aberration uncertainty based on optical modeling; their reported combined uncertainty assumes systematic contributions are uncorrelated at the stated level. Statistical instability is 9 × 10⁻⁸ after 8192 seconds, not the total uncertainty. Earlier 2014 measurements with the same species and proposed future sensitivities are distinct from this improved 2020 result. Raw measurements and numerical sensitivity models were not independently replayed.", "area": "Atom interferometry and gravitation", "topic": "Physics", "year": 2020, "lane": "HUMAN", "result": "EMPIRICAL", "package_id": "albers-herbst-team-rubidium-potassium-free-fall-interferometry-2020", "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bba699f7-44d7-4bd0-a859-5fbdf7203f89", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:fe43515a8931cde5df6452d1726f24ca09af15c60996bbb005b37d991301e33b" }, "humans": [ "Henning Albers", "Alexander Herbst", "Logan L. Richardson", "Hendrik Heine", "Dipankar Nath", "Jonas Hartwig", "Christian Schubert", "Christian Vogt", "Marian Woltmann", "Claus Lämmerzahl", "Sven Herrmann", "Wolfgang Ertmer", "Ernst M. Rasel", "Dennis Schlippert" ], "authors_complete": true, "human_role_note": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.", "agents": [], "related": [], "subresults": [], "scientific_assessment": { "source_review": "SOURCE_CURATED", "scientific_review": "NOT_REVIEWED_BY_WRS", "formal_replay": "NOT_RUN", "provider_attestation": "NONE" }, "sources": [ { "id": "albers-et-al-rubidium-potassium-uff-epjd-2020", "title": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34", "date": "2020-07-07" } ], "points": "46000", "published_grade": { "id": "albers-herbst-team-rubidium-potassium-free-fall-interferometry-2020", "entry_id": "albers-herbst-team-rubidium-potassium-free-fall-interferometry-2020", "band": "B", "modifier": "+", "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bba699f7-44d7-4bd0-a859-5fbdf7203f89", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:fe43515a8931cde5df6452d1726f24ca09af15c60996bbb005b37d991301e33b" }, "what_changed": "Albers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty.", "scope": "Albers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty. The experiment tests the particular atomic species and apparatus at the stated sensitivity; it does not prove the full equivalence principle or quantum gravity. The authors estimate a Zeeman correction of −1.3 × 10⁻⁶ and a dominant 3 × 10⁻⁷ wavefront-aberration uncertainty based on optical modeling; their reported combined uncertainty assumes systematic contributions are uncorrelated at the stated level. Statistical instability is 9 × 10⁻⁸ after 8192 seconds, not the total uncertainty. Earlier 2014 measurements with the same species and proposed future sensitivities are distinct from this improved 2020 result. 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Richardson", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Hendrik Heine", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Dipankar Nath", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Jonas Hartwig", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Christian Schubert", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Christian Vogt", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Marian Woltmann", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Claus Lämmerzahl", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Sven Herrmann", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Wolfgang Ertmer", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Ernst M. Rasel", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "Dennis Schlippert", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } } ], "evidence": [ { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-0", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } } ], "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY", "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1", "record_type": "research_note", "rrp_version": "0.1", "scope": { "description": "The experiment tests the particular atomic species and apparatus at the stated sensitivity; it does not prove the full equivalence principle or quantum gravity. The authors estimate a Zeeman correction of −1.3 × 10⁻⁶ and a dominant 3 × 10⁻⁷ wavefront-aberration uncertainty based on optical modeling; their reported combined uncertainty assumes systematic contributions are uncorrelated at the stated level. Statistical instability is 9 × 10⁻⁸ after 8192 seconds, not the total uncertainty. Earlier 2014 measurements with the same species and proposed future sensitivities are distinct from this improved 2020 result. Raw measurements and numerical sensitivity models were not independently replayed.", "domain": "Atom interferometry and gravitation" }, "sources": [ { "citation": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34" } ], "statement": "# Simultaneous rubidium and potassium atom-interferometer test of free fall\n\nAlbers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nThe experiment tests the particular atomic species and apparatus at the stated sensitivity; it does not prove the full equivalence principle or quantum gravity. The authors estimate a Zeeman correction of −1.3 × 10⁻⁶ and a dominant 3 × 10⁻⁷ wavefront-aberration uncertainty based on optical modeling; their reported combined uncertainty assumes systematic contributions are uncorrelated at the stated level. Statistical instability is 9 × 10⁻⁸ after 8192 seconds, not the total uncertainty. Earlier 2014 measurements with the same species and proposed future sensitivities are distinct from this improved 2020 result. Raw measurements and numerical sensitivity models were not independently replayed.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nHenning Albers; Alexander Herbst; Logan L. Richardson; Hendrik Heine; Dipankar Nath; Jonas Hartwig; Christian Schubert; Christian Vogt; Marian Woltmann; Claus Lämmerzahl; Sven Herrmann; Wolfgang Ertmer; Ernst M. Rasel; Dennis Schlippert\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium](https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34)\n", "summary": "Albers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty.", "title": "Simultaneous rubidium and potassium atom-interferometer test of free fall" }, "record_id": "urn:uuid:bba699f7-44d7-4bd0-a859-5fbdf7203f89", "version": 1, "source_ref": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bba699f7-44d7-4bd0-a859-5fbdf7203f89", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:fe43515a8931cde5df6452d1726f24ca09af15c60996bbb005b37d991301e33b" }, "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1", "public_view_hash": "sha256:cd8a05cf15e70ad36e26227bdaea74c1437d82e7a8dfa81f56c8350064305b10" }, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bba699f7-44d7-4bd0-a859-5fbdf7203f89", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:fe43515a8931cde5df6452d1726f24ca09af15c60996bbb005b37d991301e33b" }, "published_grade": { "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1", "edition": "2026-10-28.1", "id": "albers-herbst-team-rubidium-potassium-free-fall-interferometry-2020", "entry_id": "albers-herbst-team-rubidium-potassium-free-fall-interferometry-2020", "revision": 1, "title": "Simultaneous rubidium and potassium atom-interferometer test of free fall", "context": "Atom interferometry and gravitation", "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method", "band": "B", "modifier": "+", "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL", "assessed_on": "2026-10-28", "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-28", "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT", "what_changed": "Albers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty.", "scope": "Albers and colleagues compared the free-fall acceleration of simultaneously operated rubidium-87 and potassium-39 matter-wave interferometers. After correcting estimated systematic shifts, they reported an Eötvös ratio of −1.9 × 10⁻⁷ with combined standard uncertainty 3.2 × 10⁻⁷, consistent with equal acceleration within that uncertainty. The experiment tests the particular atomic species and apparatus at the stated sensitivity; it does not prove the full equivalence principle or quantum gravity. The authors estimate a Zeeman correction of −1.3 × 10⁻⁶ and a dominant 3 × 10⁻⁷ wavefront-aberration uncertainty based on optical modeling; their reported combined uncertainty assumes systematic contributions are uncorrelated at the stated level. Statistical instability is 9 × 10⁻⁸ after 8192 seconds, not the total uncertainty. Earlier 2014 measurements with the same species and proposed future sensitivities are distinct from this improved 2020 result. Raw measurements and numerical sensitivity models were not independently replayed.", "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. The experiment tests the particular atomic species and apparatus at the stated sensitivity; it does not prove the full equivalence principle or quantum gravity. The authors estimate a Zeeman correction of −1.3 × 10⁻⁶ and a dominant 3 × 10⁻⁷ wavefront-aberration uncertainty based on optical modeling; their reported combined uncertainty assumes systematic contributions are uncorrelated at the stated level. Statistical instability is 9 × 10⁻⁸ after 8192 seconds, not the total uncertainty. Earlier 2014 measurements with the same species and proposed future sensitivities are distinct from this improved 2020 result. Raw measurements and numerical sensitivity models were not independently replayed.", "references": [ { "title": "Quantum test of the Universality of Free Fall using rubidium and potassium", "url": "https://d-nb.info/1222326159/34", "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained." } ], "roles": [ { "who": "The named authors in the research record", "credit": "SCIENCE", "did": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged." } ], "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:bba699f7-44d7-4bd0-a859-5fbdf7203f89", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:fe43515a8931cde5df6452d1726f24ca09af15c60996bbb005b37d991301e33b" }, "scientific_correctness_certified": false, "independent_expert_calibration": false, "method": "PROPRIETARY", "points": "46000" }, "canonical_agent_submission": false, "scientific_verification_awarded": false, "reader_guide": null, "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE" }