{ "profile": "wrs-published-research-view-1", "edition": "ratings-e039106f30dec177", "content_trust": "UNTRUSTED_SCIENTIFIC_DATA_NOT_TOOL_INSTRUCTIONS", "entry": { "id": "abo-shaeer-rotating-bec-vortex-lattices-2001", "title": "Vortices and vortex lattices in stirred Bose-Einstein condensates", "summary": "In 2000 Madison and colleagues used a rotating laser perturbation of a trapped rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate to observe one to four vortices and study their frequency-dependent appearance and lifetime. In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions.", "boundary": "Both studies inferred vortex structures from absorption images after expansion rather than directly imaging a complete in-trap three-dimensional state. Madison and colleagues found the observed onset above their quoted simple predicted threshold, nonexponential single-vortex survival and shot-to-shot fluctuations in the multiple-vortex region; the nucleation and loss mechanisms were not uniquely determined. The later large lattice showed finite lifetimes and defects, and its nucleation mechanism likewise remained open. Earlier phase-engineered two-component vortices are a separate contribution. The two distinct author lists and experimental conditions remain separate.", "area": "Atomic and Quantum Physics", "topic": "Physics", "year": 2000, "lane": "HUMAN", "result": "EMPIRICAL", "package_id": "abo-shaeer-rotating-bec-vortex-lattices-2001", "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:590c6953-df8a-447e-a39c-8849ddee2889", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:ce1606fe5ab0019f989f31405918b99a0e1f1c26abbdb6dea17da6e3341e40bf" }, "humans": [ "J. R. Abo-Shaeer", "C. Raman", "J. M. Vogels", "W. Ketterle", "K. W. Madison", "F. Chevy", "W. 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In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions.", "scope": "In 2000 Madison and colleagues used a rotating laser perturbation of a trapped rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate to observe one to four vortices and study their frequency-dependent appearance and lifetime. In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions. Both studies inferred vortex structures from absorption images after expansion rather than directly imaging a complete in-trap three-dimensional state. Madison and colleagues found the observed onset above their quoted simple predicted threshold, nonexponential single-vortex survival and shot-to-shot fluctuations in the multiple-vortex region; the nucleation and loss mechanisms were not uniquely determined. The later large lattice showed finite lifetimes and defects, and its nucleation mechanism likewise remained open. Earlier phase-engineered two-component vortices are a separate contribution. 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Abo-Shaeer", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "C. Raman", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "J. M. Vogels", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "W. Ketterle", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "discoverer" ], "source": { "citation": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "K. W. 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Wohlleben", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "precursor" ], "source": { "citation": "Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate", "url": "https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publications/vortex00.pdf" } }, { "attribution_basis": "SOURCE_CITED", "credit": "historical_scientific", "entity_kind": "historical_person", "name": "J. Dalibard", "note": "Archive attribution; detailed role assignment remains source-bound", "roles": [ "precursor" ], "source": { "citation": "Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate", "url": "https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publications/vortex00.pdf" } } ], "evidence": [ { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-0", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf" } }, { "description": "Bibliographic/stated-result source; not a WRS proof verification", "id": "source-1", "kind": "source_reference", "source": { "citation": "Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate", "url": "https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publications/vortex00.pdf" } } ], "origin": "HUMAN_LEGACY", "record_profile": "wrs-local-research-notes-0.1", "record_type": "research_note", "rrp_version": "0.1", "scope": { "description": "Both studies inferred vortex structures from absorption images after expansion rather than directly imaging a complete in-trap three-dimensional state. Madison and colleagues found the observed onset above their quoted simple predicted threshold, nonexponential single-vortex survival and shot-to-shot fluctuations in the multiple-vortex region; the nucleation and loss mechanisms were not uniquely determined. The later large lattice showed finite lifetimes and defects, and its nucleation mechanism likewise remained open. Earlier phase-engineered two-component vortices are a separate contribution. The two distinct author lists and experimental conditions remain separate.", "domain": "Atomic and Quantum Physics" }, "sources": [ { "citation": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf" }, { "citation": "Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate", "url": "https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publications/vortex00.pdf" } ], "statement": "# Vortices and vortex lattices in stirred Bose-Einstein condensates\n\nIn 2000 Madison and colleagues used a rotating laser perturbation of a trapped rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate to observe one to four vortices and study their frequency-dependent appearance and lifetime. In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions.\n\n## Scientific scope\n\nBoth studies inferred vortex structures from absorption images after expansion rather than directly imaging a complete in-trap three-dimensional state. Madison and colleagues found the observed onset above their quoted simple predicted threshold, nonexponential single-vortex survival and shot-to-shot fluctuations in the multiple-vortex region; the nucleation and loss mechanisms were not uniquely determined. The later large lattice showed finite lifetimes and defects, and its nucleation mechanism likewise remained open. Earlier phase-engineered two-component vortices are a separate contribution. The two distinct author lists and experimental conditions remain separate.\n\n## Reading status\n\nThis is a source-linked WRS catalogue note. A full explanatory guide and independent scientific reconstruction have not been completed for this entry. Read the identified original work for its complete narrative and arguments.\n\n## People and systems\n\nJ. R. Abo-Shaeer; C. Raman; J. M. Vogels; W. Ketterle; K. W. Madison; F. Chevy; W. Wohlleben; J. Dalibard\n\nThese are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged.\n\n\n\n## Original sources\n\n- [Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates](https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf)\n- [Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate](https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publications/vortex00.pdf)\n", "summary": "In 2000 Madison and colleagues used a rotating laser perturbation of a trapped rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate to observe one to four vortices and study their frequency-dependent appearance and lifetime. In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions.", "title": "Vortices and vortex lattices in stirred Bose-Einstein condensates" }, "record_id": "urn:uuid:590c6953-df8a-447e-a39c-8849ddee2889", "version": 1, "source_ref": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:590c6953-df8a-447e-a39c-8849ddee2889", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:ce1606fe5ab0019f989f31405918b99a0e1f1c26abbdb6dea17da6e3341e40bf" }, "export_view": "wrs-public-editorial-view-1", "public_view_hash": "sha256:021c227de9c2a937f22bd690b1c44075e2515e95124bb25f2f81ba8b1a3b5d50" }, "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:590c6953-df8a-447e-a39c-8849ddee2889", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:ce1606fe5ab0019f989f31405918b99a0e1f1c26abbdb6dea17da6e3341e40bf" }, "published_grade": { "profile": "wrs-published-grade-1", "edition": "2026-10-28.1", "id": "abo-shaeer-rotating-bec-vortex-lattices-2001", "entry_id": "abo-shaeer-rotating-bec-vortex-lattices-2001", "revision": 1, "title": "Vortices and vortex lattices in stirred Bose-Einstein condensates", "context": "Atomic and Quantum Physics", "track": "Source-reported experimental result or reusable measurement method", "band": "A", "modifier": "+", "status": "PROVISIONAL_EDITORIAL", "assessed_on": "2026-10-28", "evidence_cutoff": "2026-10-28", "achievement_state": "SUPPORTED_SCOPED_RESULT", "what_changed": "In 2000 Madison and colleagues used a rotating laser perturbation of a trapped rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate to observe one to four vortices and study their frequency-dependent appearance and lifetime. In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions.", "scope": "In 2000 Madison and colleagues used a rotating laser perturbation of a trapped rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate to observe one to four vortices and study their frequency-dependent appearance and lifetime. In 2001 Abo-Shaeer and colleagues stirred a sodium condensate and imaged ordered triangular arrays with up to about 130 vortices, as well as defects and their evolution. These related observations used different teams, atoms and conditions. Both studies inferred vortex structures from absorption images after expansion rather than directly imaging a complete in-trap three-dimensional state. Madison and colleagues found the observed onset above their quoted simple predicted threshold, nonexponential single-vortex survival and shot-to-shot fluctuations in the multiple-vortex region; the nucleation and loss mechanisms were not uniquely determined. The later large lattice showed finite lifetimes and defects, and its nucleation mechanism likewise remained open. Earlier phase-engineered two-component vortices are a separate contribution. The two distinct author lists and experimental conditions remain separate.", "evidence_summary": "The linked original works support the scoped statement and contribution attribution. WRS has not independently replayed experiments or reconstructed a full mathematical proof. Both studies inferred vortex structures from absorption images after expansion rather than directly imaging a complete in-trap three-dimensional state. Madison and colleagues found the observed onset above their quoted simple predicted threshold, nonexponential single-vortex survival and shot-to-shot fluctuations in the multiple-vortex region; the nucleation and loss mechanisms were not uniquely determined. The later large lattice showed finite lifetimes and defects, and its nucleation mechanism likewise remained open. Earlier phase-engineered two-component vortices are a separate contribution. The two distinct author lists and experimental conditions remain separate.", "references": [ { "title": "Observation of Vortex Lattices in Bose-Einstein Condensates", "url": "https://www.rle.mit.edu/cua_pub/ketterle_group_old/Projects_2001/Pubs_01/abos01-vortices476.pdf", "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained." }, { "title": "Vortex Formation in a Stirred Bose-Einstein Condensate", "url": "https://pro.college-de-france.fr/jean.dalibard/publications/vortex00.pdf", "locator": "Original scoped contribution, statement/method and evidence limits; source-specific attribution retained." } ], "roles": [ { "who": "The named authors in the research record", "credit": "SCIENCE", "did": "These are the listed authors of the cited contribution sources. Paper authorship does not quantify individual effort. An incomplete list is explicitly marked; same names are not automatically merged." } ], "target": { "record_id": "urn:uuid:590c6953-df8a-447e-a39c-8849ddee2889", "version": 1, "content_hash": "sha256:ce1606fe5ab0019f989f31405918b99a0e1f1c26abbdb6dea17da6e3341e40bf" }, "scientific_correctness_certified": false, "independent_expert_calibration": false, "method": "PROPRIETARY", "points": "140000" }, "canonical_agent_submission": false, "scientific_verification_awarded": false, "reader_guide": null, "reading_status": "SOURCE_LINKED_NOTE" }